During times of conflict and strife, from World War II to more recent events, Camp David has offered solitude and tranquility. A majority of Presidents have used Camp David to host visiting foreign leaders, with Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain being the first, during May 1943. As befits such guests, Camp David boasts the kinds of services that could make King Solomon envious. Operated with military efficiency by about 100 Navy men and Marines, it can provide almost anything a President might want: a free-form heated swimming pool, a sauna, two clay tennis courts, a one-hole, three-tee golf course, a two-lane bowling alley, a trout stream, skeet-shooting and archery range, movie facilities, a wide selection of music (Richard Nixon used to stand in front of the stereo speakers and "guest conduct" his favorite symphonies fortissimo). Comments former Nixon Counsel John Dean: "It has a rustic feel but no rustic hardship. If Baked Alaska is what you want, Baked Alaska is what you get." Along with all the diversions, Camp David also provides—at the bottom of an elevator shaft sunk 100 ft. into the mountain—a fortress where the President could repair in time of war. Even in peaceful times, security is tight. Rifle-bearing Marines keep watch behind a double row of barbed-wire-topped fences. Built in 1939 by the Civilian Conservation Corps and Works Progress Administration, the camp was originally called Hi-Catoctin. Franklin D. Roosevelt renamed it Shangri-La (after the Himalayan paradise in James Hilton's bestseller of that era) when he chose it for his summer retreat. As F.D.R.'s son Elliott Roosevelt recalled, the camp at that time "looked more like a Marine training camp made up of rough pine cabins, but it suited Father down to the ground—metal bed, bathroom door that refused to shut tight, bare walls ornamented only with some of his favorite cartoons." Harry Truman hardly used the camp at all, preferring a Key West retreat. For President Eisenhower, though, the setting was so special that he renamed it in 1953 after his five-year-old grandson. When Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev was first told that his 1959 itinerary included a stay at Camp David, he was mystified. In Khrushchev Remembers he said, "I couldn't for the life of me find out what this Camp David was. I was afraid this was ... the sort of place where people who were mistrusted could be kept in quarantine. Finally we were informed that Camp David was what we would call a dacha." His amiable talks with Ike on disarmament and the future of Berlin produced what was known as "the spirit of Camp David." |